Студенты университета Синергия регулярно проходят тестирование по предмету Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции. Иногда задания требуют знания теории и внимательности. Наш сервис помогает пройти тест быстро и получить высокий балл. Работа выполняется оперативно, конфиденциально и без предоплаты. Стоимость — 300 рублей.
The Latin term “stare decisis” is fundamental to the English legal system. What does it mean?
To stand by things decided and not disturb settled points +
To let the master answer
The thing speaks for itself
The guilty mind
In legal English, “consideration” refers to something of value in contract law. Which scenario best illustrates valid consideration?
A promise to make a gift without expecting anything in return
A promise to stop smoking in exchange for a payment from a family member +
A moral obligation arising from a past favor
A promise made as a joke between friends
If a lawyer advises a client that the case is “frivolous,” what does the lawyer mean?
The case is highly profitable
The case has no legal merit or serious purpose +
The case is too complex to understand
The case involves a jury trial
In criminal law terminology, the “burden of proof” rests on the prosecution. What standard must they meet?
Preponderance of the evidence
Clear and convincing evidence
Beyond a reasonable doubt +
Probable cause
What is the correct legal term for a written statement made by a witness under oath, typically used in pre-trial discovery?
Deposition +
Verdict
Indictment
Tort
In the context of property law, what does the term “fee simple absolute” describe?
A life estate that ends upon death
Full and absolute ownership of real property for an indefinite duration +
A leasehold interest for 99 years
Joint ownership with the government
Which phrase best defines the legal concept of “due process”?
Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen’s entitlement +
The process of serving a subpoena
A pretrial motion to dismiss evidence
The right to remain silent
An “affidavit” is a common document in legal proceedings. What is its key characteristic?
An oral statement made in open court
A voluntary written statement of facts confirmed by oath or affirmation +
A judge’s final written opinion
A request for a new trial
In contract law, what is the effect of a “voidable” contract?
The contract is illegal from the beginning and has no effect
One party has the option to enforce or cancel the contract +
The contract automatically terminates after one year
Only oral terms are enforceable
What does the legal maxim “ignorantia juris non excusat” mean?
Ignorance of the facts is a valid defense
Ignorance of the law is no excuse +
The law favors the vigilant
Let the buyer beware
In tort law, what is the key difference between “libel” and “slander”?
Libel is spoken, slander is written
Libel is written or broadcast, slander is spoken +
Libel requires intent, slander does not
Libel is a crime, slander is not
Which Latin term refers to an individual who is found by the court to be unable to pay legal fees?
Amicus curiae
Habeas corpus
In forma pauperis +
Subpoena duces tecum
A “power of attorney” is a legal document that allows someone to do what?
Vote on behalf of another person
Act on behalf of another person in legal or financial matters +
Serve as a judge in a lower court
Nullify a previous will
What is the correct definition of “hearsay” evidence?
Evidence presented by an expert witness
Physical evidence collected at a crime scene
An out-of-court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted +
A confession made directly to police
If a judge issues a “permanent injunction,” what is being ordered?
A temporary halt to all court proceedings
A final order requiring a party to do or refrain from doing a specific act +
The arrest of a non-compliant witness
The seizure of assets before trial
In legal terminology, “pro bono” work refers to legal services that are…
Paid for by the government at a reduced rate
Provided voluntarily and without charge as a public service +
Offered only to corporate clients
Performed by a law student under supervision
Which statement correctly defines the legal term “tort”?
A criminal act punishable by imprisonment
A civil wrong that causes harm or loss, resulting in legal liability +
A written law passed by a legislature
A formal request to a higher court
What does the term “ultra vires” mean in corporate law?
In accordance with the law
Beyond the legal power or authority of a person or organization +
Within the scope of公司章程
After the fact
During voir dire, what is the primary goal of the attorneys?
To present opening statements
To question potential jurors and select the final jury +
To cross-examine the first witness
To submit physical evidence into the record
A “statute of limitations” sets a time limit for what purpose?
Serving a prison sentence
Paying court fees
Filing a lawsuit or bringing criminal charges +
Negotiating a plea bargain
Вопрос
The primary origin of most rules of law is …
The common law system in England began to develop in …
Laws are considered essential for society because …
… is an individual or a body responsible for creating, amending, and enacting laws on behalf of the state.
… is legal responsibility for one’s actions or failures to act, which may result in penalties, damages, or the obligation to compensate for harm caused.
Match the beginnings and the endings of each phrase:
Match the beginnings and the endings of each phrase:
Put the following events of the development of law in chronological order:
Arrange the following influences on the development of law in chronological order:
Read the text below and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer. Text: Alex, a college student, recently rented an apartment near campus. After moving in, Alex discovered several issues: the heating system was broken, and there were leaks in the bathroom. Concerned about these problems, Alex contacted the landlord multiple times but received no response. Frustrated, Alex decided to research tenant rights. Through this research, Alex learned that local housing laws require landlords to maintain safe and habitable living conditions. With this knowledge, Alex sent a formal letter outlining the issues and referencing the relevant laws, demanding prompt repairs. After receiving the letter, the landlord quickly arranged for repairs. Alex felt empowered knowing that understanding the law helped resolve the situation effectively. Question: What is one of the key roles of law in Alex’s situation?
Вопрос
A characteristic of common law systems is …
A legal system that is known for its reliance on written codes and statutes is called …
The purpose of legal norms is …
… is a popular assembly elected in the UK for a term of not more than 5 years by almost universal adult suffrage.
Match the beginnings and the endings of each phrase:
Match the countries with their legal systems:
The … is responsible for interpreting the law and ensuring justice is served.
In a criminal case, the … must prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
If someone is accused of a crime, they have the right to a … trial.
Read the text below and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer. Text: John was wrongfully convicted of theft based on faulty eyewitness testimony and inadequate legal representation. After serving two years in prison, new evidence emerged that proved his innocence. John is now considering a lawsuit against the state for the wrongful conviction, seeking compensation for the time he lost and the emotional distress he experienced. Question: What legal principle is most applicable to John’s situation?
Вопрос
An example of a source of national law is …
Match the areas of law with their definitions:
Match types of contracts with their examples:
Match the terms with their definitions:
Put the following steps in the correct order for a civil lawsuit:
Put the following areas of law in order from most general to most specific:
The area of law that deals with crimes and their punishments is known as … law.
Criminal … are nearly always started by the state in order to punish the accused.
… refers to ordinances and regulations enacted by local government entities, such as cities, towns, or counties.
Read the text below and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer. Text: In a bustling city, various legal issues arise daily, impacting the lives of its residents. A local business owner faces a lawsuit from a competitor claiming unfair business practices. Meanwhile, a couple is navigating the complexities of divorce and child custody arrangements. Additionally, a musician seeks to protect their original songs from being copied without permission. Each situation falls under different areas of law, highlighting the diverse legal landscape. Which area of law primarily focuses on the protection of individual freedoms and the enforcement of personal rights?
Вопрос
Who presides over the hearing in a courtroom?
In a legal context, the primary responsibility of a prosecutor is …
The primary role of a barrister is …
A professional that typically has direct contact with clients is a …
Match each legal profession with the correct description:
Match each legal profession with the correct description:
Match each legal profession with the corresponding description:
Arrange series of events related to the legal profession in the correct chronological order:
… have rights of audience in the higher courts.
Read the text below and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer: You are a junior associate at a law firm specializing in corporate law. Your supervisor has asked you to prepare a brief summary of an important legal concept that is frequently encountered in your practice area. Question: What important legal concept should a junior lawyer prepare for in their practice?
Вопрос
The highest court in England is the …
Which of the following is NOT a type of court in England?
The primary role of a judge in the English court system is …
The purpose of a jury in a trial is …
Match the court process with its step:
Put the steps of the judicial process in the correct order:
Match the court type with its function:
Put the steps of the appeal process in the correct order:
The … Court deals with appeals from lower courts.
Originally, the jurors were neighbourhood … who passed judgment on the basis of what they themselves knew.
Вопрос
The first step in starting a civil action in court is …
A document that formally initiates a lawsuit is a(n) …
In which court would you typically start a small claims action?
The … or prosecution presents their case to the court first. Once they finish presenting their case, the defendant will present.
In a civil case, the … is the person, corporation, or entity against whom the plaintiff files their lawsuit.
The … is usually an assistant district attorney (state court cases) or assistant U.S. attorney (federal court cases).
Match the terms with their correct definitions:
Match the terms with their correct definitions:
All criminal offenses are technically considered statutory crimes since they are all prohibited by ….
Read the text below and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer. Mr. Baker, a manager at Green-water shopping centre, seeks to file a claim against his employer for unpaid overtime. According to his employment contract, he is entitled to overtime pay. What should Mr. Baker do first to address this issue?
Вопрос
The primary purpose of tort law is …
Which of the following is NOT a type of tort?
“Vicarious liability” is …
Match the term with its correct definition:
Match the term with its correct definition:
Wilfred Phelps, age 65, is driving his Nissan Altima down Main Street when he suffers the first seizure (a sudden burst of electrical activity in the brain) of his life. He loses control of his vehicle and runs into three people on the sidewalk. Which statement is true?
A … is someone who commits a tort, which is a civil wrong.
Tort law defines … as the legal obligation to act with care, caution, and reasonable consideration to avoid inflicting another person or entity pain or injury.
… is the element that establishes a direct link between the defendant’s wrongdoing or negligence and the plaintiff’s injury or damage.
Read the text below and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer. One sunny afternoon, Bob decides to host a barbecue in his backyard. He invites friends over and sets up a large grill. As the party progresses, Bob becomes distracted while socializing with his guests. In his excitement, he accidentally spills hot charcoal from the grill onto Alice’s lawn, causing a small fire that damages her flowerbed and lawn. Alice, upon discovering the damage, confronts Bob about the incident. Bob apologizes but claims it was an accident and that he did not intend to harm Alice’s property. However, Alice is upset about the damage and the cost of replacing her flowers. Question: What caused the damage to Alice’s property?
Вопрос
Which head of tort involves causing harm through intentional actions?
Match the tort with its basis of liability:
Match the tort to the plaintiff’s claim:
Order the steps in the process of filing a tort claim:
If a person fails to meet the standard of care expected in a situation, it is considered a … of duty.
Вопрос
Laws are deemed crucial for society because …
Connect the beginnings and endings of each phrase:
A legal system that combines elements of religious law with secular law is …
The … listened carefully to both sides before making a decision.
The … took several weeks, but everyone was eager to hear the verdict.
Match the words with their definitions:
Connect the countries with their legal systems:
The primary source of law in a civil law system is …
This country is known for having an unwritten constitution:
The branch of law that regulates relationships between different government branches is …
Many countries distinguish between … law and public law.
Find a pair to make collocations:
In England, the legal profession is divided into two main types. These are:
Barristers are known to be specialists in …
… law deals with disputes between individuals or organizations in civil matters.
… is the principle that ensures fair and equal treatment under the law, regardless of wealth or status.
Match each legal profession with the correct description:
Put the steps of the judicial process in the correct order
Match the halves up make up the sentences:
Put the steps involved in starting a legal action in court in the correct order:
Put the following steps in the correct order:
In tort law, the person responsible for proving the elements of the case is called …
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tort law?
… is a key element in many tort cases, where the defendant fails to exercise reasonable care.
A successful tort claim may result in the award of … to compensate the victim for their losses.
Match the words with their definitions:
Match the halves to make up correct sentences:
Defamation is primarily concerned with …
The tort of libel refers to …
An example of a statutory tort is …
Вопрос
Read the text below and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer.
Text: Sarah is a small business owner who recently faced a dispute with a supplier over a delayed shipment that affected her ability to serve her customers. Unsure of her rights and the best course of action, she considers seeking legal advice.
Question: What are two primary motives for making and enforcing laws that Sarah should understand as she navigates her situation?
Read the dialogue and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer.
Samantha: Hey Josh, what are you studying for your law exam?
Josh: Oh, just the usual. Legal ethics and administrative law.
Samantha: Ugh, I hate that stuff. So many rules to remember.
Josh: Tell me about it. And then there’s comparative law on top of that.
Samantha: Comparative law? What’s that again?
Josh: It’s a comparison between different legal systems around the world. Like Chinese law, Islamic law, Jewish law, just to name a few.
Samantha: Wow, that sounds complicated. How do you keep all of that straight?
Josh: Well, thank goodness for my study group. We discuss and quiz each other on different types of laws and their applications.
Samantha: Oh yeah, I remember now. And don’t forget about international law.
Josh: Right. That includes laws related to the United Nations, like treaties and human rights issues.
Samantha: Man, being a lawyer is not easy.
Josh: No kidding. But it’s also fascinating to see how different societies have developed their own sets of laws.
Samantha: True. And the way those laws intersect with politics, social justice, and even war.
Josh: Exactly. There’s so much to learn and explore in the field of law.
Question: According to the conversation, what helps Josh keep track of the different types of laws?
Read the text below and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer.
Text: Maria is a law student studying different legal systems around the world. In her recent class, the professor asked the students to identify the two main traditions of law. Maria is confused and wants to ensure she understands the differences between Common Law and Continental Law.
Question: Which of the following statements correctly identifies the two main traditions of law in the world?
Read the dialogue and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer.
Tom: John, I just read that there are hundreds of unique systems of law used around the world. It’s crazy to think about all the different ways people interpret and enforce laws.
John: Yeah, it’s fascinating how different societies can have such distinct legal systems. What did you find most interesting?
Tom: Well, according to this article, legal systems often evolve at two paces – gradual changes in response to societal attitudes, or rapid shifts due to major events like revolutions or conflicts. Can you imagine a complete overhaul of our legal system overnight?
John: It’s definitely hard to wrap my head around. And geographical, historical, and political events can also shape a country’s legal system.
Tom: Right! Like how in Western countries, Civil Law is the most prevalent type of legal system, tracing its origins back to the Roman Justinian code from the 6th century. But then other countries were influenced by the French Revolution and adopted the Napoleonic Code of Civil Law instead.
John: That’s true. I’ve heard that even some African countries have Civil Law systems based on the Belgian influence during colonization.
Tom: Wow, I had no idea. These systems sound so complex.
John: Yes, they do. And all of them involve a national constitution, legislation, subordinate laws, traditions, and codes of laws. It’s pretty impressive how these five elements come together to create a functioning legal system.
Tom: Absolutely. And it makes me appreciate the importance of having well-defined and enforced laws in our society.
John: Definitely. It may seem complicated, but ultimately, the goal is to maintain fairness and justice for everyone.
Question: Which historical event led to the creation of the Napoleonic Code of Civil Law?
Read the text below and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer.
Text: John is preparing for his final exam in his law course. He comes across a scenario where a country is involved in a dispute with another nation regarding trade regulations. He needs to determine which area of law primarily governs this situation.
Question: Which area of law is most relevant to the dispute between the two nations regarding trade regulations?
Read the text below and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer.
Text: Emily is a law student in England who is interested in pursuing a career in the legal profession. She is trying to understand the differences between barristers, solicitors, and judges. Recently, she attended a seminar where different legal professionals spoke about their roles. After the seminar, Emily has a few questions regarding who does what in the legal system.
Question: Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of a barrister in England?
Read the text below and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer.
Text: Emily is a law student who has just completed a module on the initiation of legal actions in England and Wales. She is particularly interested in understanding the differences between starting a civil action and starting a criminal action. After reviewing her notes, she comes across the following statements regarding the processes involved.
Question: In England and Wales, which document is typically used to initiate a civil action in the High Court or County Court?
Read the text below and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer.
Text: Emily is a professional photographer who rents a studio space in a busy downtown area. One day, while she is setting up for a photoshoot, a heavy sign from an adjacent building falls and injures her. The sign was not properly secured, and Emily learns that the building owner had received complaints about it being loose but had not taken any action to fix it. Emily decides to file a lawsuit against the building owner for her injuries.
Question: What legal principle is at play in Emily’s case when she decides to sue the building owner for her injuries?
Read the text below and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer.
Text: James owns a small bakery in a residential neighborhood. One day, he decides to install an outdoor seating area for customers. To create the seating area, he places several tables and chairs on the sidewalk directly outside his shop. However, James does not leave enough space for pedestrians to pass comfortably. A neighbor, Sarah, complains that she has to walk into the street to get around the seating area, which is dangerous, especially with heavy traffic. After a few weeks, Sarah trips over one of the chairs that has been pushed out onto the sidewalk and injures her ankle. She decides to take legal action against James.
Question: What legal principle is primarily at play in Sarah’s case when she decides to sue James for her injury?
Read the dialogue and answer the question. There’s only one correct answer.
Kelly: Wow, that’s a lot of information on tort law. Did you understand all of it?
Mark: Honestly, most of it went over my head. I’m still trying to wrap my head around the concept of negligence.
Kelly: I remember studying this in college. Negligence is when someone breaches their duty of care and causes harm to another person, right?
Mark: Yeah, that sounds about right. But there are also certain defenses available in cases of negligence. Like for psychiatric injury or economic loss.
Kelly: Wait, so can anyone sue for those things under the premise of negligence?
Mark: Not necessarily. The courts use a three-step test to determine if there is a duty of care owed by the defendant to the victim.
Kelly: Ah, I see. So basically, the first step is proving that the harm was reasonably foreseeable?
Mark: Exactly. And then the second step looks at the relationship between the two parties – whether it’s one of proximity or not.
Kelly: And finally, the third step considers if it would be fair and just to hold the defendant liable for their actions.
Mark: Right. It seems like the case of Caparo Industries Plc v Dickman was a turning point in establishing this threefold test.
Kelly: Yeah, it definitely set a precedent. But I can imagine it must have been challenging determining liability in a complex situation like that.
Mark: Definitely. And with the ever-changing laws and legal systems, it’s important to constantly stay informed and educated.
Question: What are some defenses available in cases of negligence?
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